The purpose of the research is to develop methods for increasing soil fertility by introducing phosphogypsum on alkaline chernozem in the conditions of the Samara region. The effect of the introduction of various norms of phosphogypsum (1,5, 3,0, 5,0 t/ha) on alkaline chernozem against the background of N120P60K60 on soil structure, the reaction of the soil environment and the content of absorbed bases, and on the formation of winter wheat productivity was studied. Field experiments were laid in 2019-2022 on the territory of a pilot site in the central agroecological zone of the Samara region. The soil is alkaline medium loamy chernozem with a thickness of humus horizon up to 50-60 cm. Phosphogypsum was applied against the background of the use of the mineral fertilizer Ammophos (NH4H2PO4 + (NH4)2HPO4). One half of the calculated norm was introduced by spreading for pre-sowing cultivation, and the second - when sowing through the fertilizer dispenser of the seeder. Field experiments were accompanied by the necessary observations and analyses. When phosphogypsum is applied to the soil, the processes of structure formation are activated, stable granules with a diameter of 1-3 mm are formed in a layer of 0-10 cm, an improvement in the morphological structure of the soil is observed. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in combination with phosphogypsum (5 t/ha) contributes to the activation of microbiological processes in the soil by 67-87 %. On natural and elevated backgrounds on alkaline chernozem, the annual application of phosphogypsum and mineral fertilizers at a dose of N40P40K40 improves the supply of soil with mobile compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, increasing the level of effective fertility. The growth and development of cultivated crops increases at a dose of phosphogypsum of 2 t/ha, the yield of winter wheat significantly increases (by 19.3%).