Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor
доктор биологических наук, профессор;
postgraduate student
аспирант
Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor
доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор
The purpose of the research is to increase the productivity of spring barley during herbicidal treatment of weeds, depending on the methods of soil treatment and fertilizers. The research was carried out in 2020-2022 at the experimental field of the laboratory «Agroecology» of the Samara State Agrarian University. In the tillering phase, in the option without fertilizers, weeds were less than in the fertilized one – 35.5 and 41.6 copies/m2 or 61.4 and 78.2 g/m2, respectively. There was less weed vegetation for plowing both without fertilizers and with fertilizers, compared to other options. The method of surface tillage was superior in the number of weeds by 24 and by 33.3% by weight on a non-ventilated background, by 17.7% by quantity and by 22.8% by weight on a fertilized background. The option without mechanical tillage exceeded the number of weeds by 49.8 and 55.3% by weight on a non-ventilated background, by 38.2.7% by quantity and by 44.4% by weight on a fertilized background. The highest biological efficiency of herbicide treatment (33.3...33.1%) was obtained in the option with the use of fertilizers and the method of tillage – plowing, both in quantity and weight. The efficiency of treatment from weeds for other options of soil tillage using fertilizers was less by 4.5-5.7%. The yield of spring barley grain, both with fertilizers and without fertilizers, was higher in plowing and had an average value of 2.61 t/ha. Surface tillage and no autumn tillage had similar yield values – less by 7.3%. A decrease in the intensity of tillage leads to an increase in the contamination of crops, but the use of modern highly selective herbicides makes it possible to eliminate this negative effect of minimization techniques. The data obtained show that at the time of harvesting the crop, the proportion of weeds in the total biomass of the agrophytocenosis of barley was at low limits in the application options of plowing, surface tillage and without autumn mechanical treatment.
Цель исследований – повышение продуктивности ярового ячменя при гербицидной обработке от сорной растительности в зависимости от способов обработки почвы и удобрений. Исследования проводились в 2020-2022 гг. на опытном поле лаборатории «Агроэкология» Самарского ГАУ. В фазу кущения в варианте без удобрений сорной растительности было меньше, чем на удобренном, – 35,5 и 41,6 экз./м2 или 61,4 и 78,2 г/м2, соответственно. По вспашке как без удобрений, так и с удобрениями сорной растительности было меньше, по сравнению с другими вариантами. Способ мелкой обработки почвы превосходил по количеству сорняков на 24 и на 33,3% по массе на неудобренном фоне, на 17,7% по количеству и на 22,8% по массе на удобренном фоне. Вариант без механической обработки почвы превосходил по количеству сорняков на 49,8 и на 55,3% по массе на неудобренном фоне, на 38,2,7% по количеству и на 44,4% по массе на удобренном фоне. Наибольшая биологическая эффективность обработки гербицидом (33,3…33,1%) была получена в варианте с применением удобрений и способе обработки почвы – вспашка, как по количеству, так и по массе. Эффективность обработки от сорной растительности по остальным вариантам обработки почвы с применением удобрений была меньше на 4,5-5,7%.