Vol 6, No 1 (2021)

Articles

FORMATION OF AGROPHYTOCENOSIS AND SPRING SOFT WHEAT YIELD WITH APPLICATION OF MEGAMIX MICRO-FERTILIZING MIXTURES FOR THE FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

Vasin V.G., Burunov A.N., Strizhakov A.O.

Abstract

The aim of the research is improving methods of cultivation of spring soft wheat using Megamix microfertilizing mixtures during presowing seed treatment including vegetation phases. Techniques increasing spring soft wheat yield when using modern micro-fertilizing mixtures within the conditions of the Middle Volga forest-steppe region in during 2017-2020 are shown. Main biometric indicators assessment is demonstrated: photosynthetic activity, analysis of yield and technological quality of spring wheat kern under being provided with different treatments and foliage spraying with Megamix liquid mineral fertilizers at different levels of mineral nutrition. The highest indicators demonstrated variants with the Megamix Seeds or Megamix Prophy treatment of the seed material, followed by double treatment of tillering during growing season with Megamix Prophy + Megamis Nitrogen in the phase of the flag leaf. The highest figures were achieved with application of fertilizers N16P16K16. Spring soft wheat crops form leaf apparatus with a photosynthetic potential of up to 0.993 million m2/ha a day and net photosynthetic productivity of 6.33...8.07 g/m2 a day. There is an enhanced plant survival before harvesting when applying fertilizers and seed treatment, as well as when micro-fertilizing mixtures use during the growing season. The greatest survival rate (73.8 and 73.7%, respectively) is observed when applying N16P16K16 fertilizers and double treatment with liquid mineral Megamix Prophy and Megamix Nitrogen ones during the tillering of the growing season, in the flag leaf phase, and Megamix Seed and Megamix presowing treatment. Studies conducted at the experimental field of the Samara State Agricultural University in 2017-2020 established that the spring soft wheat yield with the use of liquid mineral fertilizers reaches 3.15 t/ha.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(1):3-12
pages 3-12 views

INVESTIGATION OF FRICTION IN MAGNETIC FLUID SEAL

Terentyev V.V., Bausov A.M., Toropov M.V.

Abstract

The purpose of the research is increasing the durability of bearing assemblies via use of magnetic-liquid seals with improved tribotechnical characteristics. Hepler rheoviscosimeter was used for dynamic viscosity study. The friction torque study in the magnetic-liquid seal was carried out on an experimental installation of the original design. The magnetic liquid was comprised of polyethylsiloxane PES-5 (65% by weight), magnetite Fe3O4 (10% by weight), oleic acid (25% by weight). Saturation magnetization of the magnetite amounted to 40 kA/m. It is experimentally determined that when the temperature increases from minus 50C to plus 950C, the dynamic viscosity of the magnetic fluid decreases by 1.87 times, which indicates high thermal stability. An increase in the friction torque of the magnetic-liquid seal was noted by 27.7 times with an increase in the shaft rotation speed from 400 to 2000 min-1 and the magnetic induction value from 0.4 to 1.0 Tl. The growth of the friction torque is associated with the increase in the structural component of the friction torque while increasing the strength of particle interactions in a magnetic fluid due to the lift of the magnetic field gradient. It was noted that the lowest value of the friction torque was observed at the shaft rotation speed up to 1300 min-1, at the magnetic field induction up to 0,6-0,7 Tl. Comparative operational tests of the upgraded and standard bearing units of the Belarus-826 power take-off shaft indicate an increase in the node time to failure by 1.6 times. The results obtained lead to reasonable selection of magnetic system when designing effective magnetic-liquid seals for various bearing units, and speed mode of their operation.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(1):13-19
pages 13-19 views

ORGANIZATION OF CONTROL AND RECORDING SYSTEM FOR TRANSIENTS IN AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE BASED ON THE L-CARD E14-140 ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER AND THE POWERGRAPH SOFTWARE PACKAGE

Inshakov A.P., Magomedov F.M., Kurbakov I.I., Kurbakova M.S.

Abstract

The purpose of the research is the efficiency improvement of the control and recording system of transients in internal combustion engines. Modern research in the field of organization of systems for registering fast-flowing processes in internal combustion engines, used in the development of advanced diagnostic complexes, as well as in the development of private test methods, cannot be created without application of modern software packages and analog-to-digital converters. Of particular interest are the studies related to the adaptation of test benches for the purposes of diagnostics and expanding the functional abilities of recording fast-moving processes. In the course of scientific research at the Department of Mobile Power Means and Agricultural Machines named after Professor A. I. Leshchankin of the Institute of Mechanics and Power Engineering, a complex was created that allows recording transients in internal combustion engines based on the L-CARD E14-140 analog-to-digital converter and the POWER GRAPH program complex. The experience of system organization when creating research equipment at the department shows that fabrication of reliable testing means can be carried out on the basis of GOSNITI equipment due to the introduction of monitoring and recording equipment that improves and expands the functional properties of the test-benches. The records of the rotation frequency of the shafts of both the turbocharger and the internal combustion engine, torque transients of engine operation with sample rate of Converter 100 kHz analog-to-digital at the maximum possible 200 kHz frequency of discretion for the equipment used, the sampling frequency analog to digital Converter surpasses the analyzed signal. The measurement errors of the processes recorded were no more than 1%.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(1):20-26
pages 20-26 views

MODELING MILK YIELD OF CATTLE BREED WHEN CHANGING TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Konovalov V.V., Teryushkov V.P., Petrova S.S.

Abstract

The aim of the research is improving the mathematical model of Commercial dairy farm by the effect of improve-ment of efficiency coefficient of the milk yield on a production area. The research methodology provided for the de-termination by analytical methods the interrelationships of technological parameters of production processes with the performance indicators of existing models describing the efficiency of dairy production. The task is to determine major technological factors based on evaluation and search of optimal options that affect milk yield of cows, and consider them for the proposed mathematical model. Based on the analysis and improvement of existing models provided for the efficiency of dairy production, a mathematical model has been developed to determine milk yield due to the change and compliance of production technological processes. The problem solution is connected with the determination of influence of both biological and technological factors of management and feeding animals on the efficiency coefficient of dairy productivity. The following factors that can affect the productivity of cows are changes of breed characters relatively to its standard, differences between the genetics of commercial ranch cattle and ones of the bred livestock farm, specific reproductive exploitation and their age. And response to stressful situa-tions; failure to provide with water timely; compliance of feed quality and quantity with the biological needs; nega-tive impact of milking equipment on health; conditions ensuring proper microclimate, manure effects on skin and limbs, ways of animal retention and location.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(1):27-34
pages 27-34 views

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF BRREEDING REPLACEMENT YOUNG ANIMALS OF THE CATTLE

Uskova I.V., Baimishev H.B.

Abstract

The aim of the study is improving both the quality and quantitative indicators of herd replacements in the conditions of commercial milk manufacture technology. To conduct the research, a group of cows (8-9 months of pregnancy) was formed according to the principle of pair analogues comprising of 40 heads. During delivery, after the expulsion of the fetus of the first-calf cowbane numbering 24 heads, a morphofunctional assessment characterizing their viability was carried out, according to the results of which the heifers were divided into 2 groups. The first group included heifers (10 heads), whose viability did not correspond to the reference values, and the second group-ones (14 heads), with corresponding to the reference values. Tests over animals of the study groups at birth included reflexes of the standing position, sucking; the length of the tail and the last rib; skin condition; the number of incisor teeth; blood parameters; rate of live weight gain and livability of heifers up to 6 months of age. It was established that calves of the first group in regard to viability of standing was less by 4.98 min, sucking reflex - by 5.50 min, the number of cutting teeth - by 1.2 units, the distance between the tip of the tail and tuberosity of calcaneus is less than 1.8 cm, the hypaxial part of the last rib and the head-on line of the shoulder joint - by 1.94 cm. The live weight and average daily gain of the animals of the second group during the growing period are 22.3 kg and 124 g, respectively, more than of the animals of the first group. The livability of the first group animals is 10% less than their peers from the second group.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(1):35-40
pages 35-40 views

QUALITY OF COW COLUSTRUM OF DIFFERENT HOLSTEIN BREED GENEALOGICAL LINES

Karamayeva A.S., Bakayeva L.N., Karamayev S.V., Lapin G.V.

Abstract

The purpose of the research is the efficiency increase of breeding different genealogical lines of the Holstein cattle in the Middle Volga region natural and climatic conditions. The research was carried out at the Radna LLC up-to-date dairy complex in the Samara region. Holstein breed of genealogical lines: V. B. Aidial, R. Sovering, M. Chifteyn, S. T. Rokit were studied. It was found that the highest milk yield (8849 kg) was got from cows of the V. B. Aidial line, which surpassed the peers of the R. Sovering line by 5.7%, M. Chifteyn - by 12.9%, S. T. Rockit - by 8.5%. The value of milk yield and differences in milking capacity had an impact on the chemical composition and physical properties of colostrum. The highest content of dry matter and its components was observed in the colostrum of cows of the S. T. Rokit line (28.1%), compared with the colostrum of other lines, the difference was, respectively, 2.2; 0.6; 1.3%. Proteins are main and numerous components of colostrum. The protein content in the colostrum of S. T. Rokit breed was higher than in the colostrum of V. B. Aidial one by 1.1%, R. Sovering - by 0.3%, M. Chifteyn - by 0.9%, which, in turn, resulted in the content of immunoglobulins, provided a protective function of newborns. The value of milk yield and the quality of colostrum have a negative correlation. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended to pay more attention to the quality of colostrum and, in particular, to the content of immunoglobulins when conducting breeding in order to increase milk yield of cows.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(1):40-46
pages 40-46 views

EFFECT OF BACILLUS SUBTILUS PREPARATIONS ON HEIGHT AND WEIGHT OF HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CALVES

Molyanova G.V., Nogotkov M.P.

Abstract

The aim of study is increasing the production of the Holstein-Frisian calves via the use of the Bisolbi drug based on strain H-13 Bacillus Subtilus. Minerals lack leads to a violation of metabolism, a growth decrease, various pathologies, production loss of farm animals. In regard to animal farming intensification, use of up-to-date domestic bioactive substance improving the physiological and productive indicators of calves is relevant. Full-fledged adequate feeding of calves makes it possible to realize the breed genetic potential for obtaining high-quality dairy or meat products. The research and production experiment was carried out on the basis of the dairy farm of the «Kupinskoe» Samara region state involving 30 calves of the Holstein-Frisian breed. The biological effect of the Bisolbi preparation based on the strain H-13 Bacillus Subtilus, is based on the adsorption properties, ability to enhance the activity of body enzyme systems, intestinal and systemic immunity. It was found that weight of the control group calves age 100 days was 105.23±2.11 kg, the experimental group - 108.6±2.19 kg, which is 3.37 kg higher. The average weight gain of animals from experimental group was significantly higher by 0.075 kg (p < 0.01). Weight of calves age 120 days from the experimental group was higher by 4.19 kg (p < 0.05), and the average daily gain amounted to 0.080 kg (p < 0.05) compared to the control cattles. Bisolbi preparations added to Holstein-Frisian calve feeding throughout 2 months duration would result in an increase in the total revenue from meat sale and deemed additional profit of 137 rubles.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(1):46-51
pages 46-51 views

IMMUNOMODULATOR EFFECT ON METABOLISM INDICATORS OF HIGH PRODUCTIVE COWS IN DRY PERIOD

Baimishev M.H., Eremin S.P., Baimishev H.B.

Abstract

The aim of the study is morphofunctional parameters enhancement of highly productive cows before delivery. To conduct the study, four groups of cows with 10 heads each were formed (control, experimental-1, experimental-2, experimental-3) respectively. The cows were grouped in accordance with the principle of pairs of analogues. The Holstein breed milk yield was 8,500 kg or more. The cows of the experimental groups were provided immunomodulator 25-30 days before delivery intramuscularly with 7 days intervals triple and single shot 8-10 hours after post partum (experimental-1 - 4.0 ml, experimental-2 - 6.0 ml, experimental-3 - 8.0 ml). The control group of animals was not treated with an immunomodulatory agent. In the course of studies, blood was tested from cows of the experimental groups 25-30 days before delivery, 5 days before delivery and on the fifth day after calving. It was found that an immunomodulatory agent in a dose of 6.0 ml provides an increase of calcium by 0.5 mmol/l, phosphorus - by 0.22 mmol/l, alkaline reserve - by 4.03 vol%of CO2, glucose - by 0.80 mmol/l, total protein - by 9.01 g/l, alpha-globulins - by 2.98%, immunoglobulins A - by 36.9%, M - by 15.73%, G - by 50.02%, reduces the content of AlT and AsT enzymes by 17.04 and 15.74 units/l (up to the threshold level), beta-globulins - by 3.44% in the blood serum 5 days before delivery, which reduces labor and postpartum complications by 40.0%, uterine involution - for 19.04 days.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(1):52-57
pages 52-57 views

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