Vol 5, No 2 (2020)

The aim of the research is increasing potato yield in dry conditions of the Middle Volga region. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Samara Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture - branch of the Samara Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The variety testing plant nursery included 28 varieties of potatoes of domestic selection. Udacha, Zhigulevsky, Arosa and Gala breeds were the standard varieties. The plant material was planted out in two replications with 25 plants in each. To determine the content of photosynthetic pigments, extracts were prepared from ten potato leaves of each breed in 100% acetone. Measurements were performed by spectrophotometry. To measure the amount of chlorophyll a , the wavelength of 665 nm, chlorophyll b - 649 nm, and carotenoids - 440 nm were used. The concentration of pigments was determined by using Wettstein formulas. When harvesting, the potato yield was taken into account. The average concentration of chlorophyll a in the studied breeds was 0.92 mg/g, the average concentration of chlorophyll b was 0.62 mg/g, and one of carotenoids was 0.27 mg/g. Potato breeds with high concentration of photosynthetic pigments were identified. A reliable average dependence of the yield of potato breeds on the concentration of chlorophyll b in plants was revealed. The correlation coefficient was 0.42. There is no reliable dependence tested of yield on the concentration of chlorophyll a and carotenoids. Potato productivity is associated with a significant negative relationship with the ratio of both a and b chlorophyll concentrations. The most highly productive varieties were characterized by a high content of two varieties of chlorophyll. A high concentration of chlorophyll b or a minimum ratio of chlorophyll a and b concentrations can be tentatively recommended as a consequential sign for identifying potato breeds that are highly adapted to high air temperature and insufficient moisture.

The purpose of the research is increasing the yield of white mustard varieties by using complex liquid fertilizers in Ryazan region. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 on the fields of the experimental agro-technological station of Ryazan state agro-technological University («Agrotechno-Park»). The soil of the experimental site is gray forest. In 2019, the area under oil producing crops in Ryazan region was more than 151 thousand hectares, the mustard sown area amounted to 9.5 thousand hectares.Two experiments were performed in 4-fold replication. Complex liquid fertilizer in both experiment 1 and experiment 2 provided intensive plant growth and increased photosynthesis rates. The largest number of oilseeds in experiment 1 was obtained on the Lucium breed, variant Azotovit 1 l/ha + Phosphatovit 1 l/ha + Rauactive 1 l/ha - 20.5 C/ha, which is higher than in the control by 3.1 C / ha. Chaika - breed was17.4 C/ha and Rapsodia one -18.5 C/ha (on average over the years of research). Experiment 2 was characterized by the maximum increase in yield of the Lucium breed - 13.1 C/ha (on average per 2018-2019) - on the Active Boron one 1 l/ha + Active Zinc 1 l/ha. Studies of 2018-2019, showed that in practice of agriculture in the region in agrocenoses of white mustard can be used complex liquid fertilizer Azotovit, Fosfatami, Reactiv - processing phase from 2 to 4 true leaves + phase budding (consumption rate 1.0 l/ha) and complex preparations, Zinc Asset and Asset Bor - processing phase of button rosette + the budding phase (consumption rate 1.0 l/ha).

The purpose of the research is yield increasing of spring rape using the Clearfield system in Ryazan region. The research was carried out in 2016-2019 within the conditions of the experimental agrotechnological station of the Federal State Budgetary EDUCATIONAL Institution of Ryazan region on gray forest clay loam soil. The experiment revealed that during the second and third sowing, the OZORNO hybrid is more precocious, the growing period of which amounts to 85-83 days, which is 10-6 days less than that of the Salsa CL one (95-89 days). On average, the highest yield of spring rape was obtained at the first sowing period (first decade of May) on the base of all experiments: Salsa CL - 20.8 C / ha, Ozorno - 19.5 C / ha, Ratnik - 19.0 C / ha. The maximum yield (24.8 C / ha) was obtained in 2016 from Salsa CL hybrid using the Clearfield system. On average, the indicators of yield growth, development and formula of the domestic Ratnik variety were not inferior to ones of the Ozorno hybrid. The variants on the base of Clearfield system showed lower weeding, and all groups of weeds were killed or severely suppressed. In the conditions of Russian southern part of the non-Chernozem zone, the first decade of May for spring rape sowing in the most favorable period, in regard to yield using the Clearfield system. The maximum profitability (108.5%) is marked on the variant with the Salsa KL hybrid of the first sowing period.

The aim of the research is improving pork of store pigs. During the scientific and economic experiment, four store pig groups of large white breed were marked during the feeding period. The influence of natural Volgograd bischofite and sunflower phosphatide concentrate both separately and mixed in diets was studied, on pork development from store pigs. The experimental store pig selection into groups was based on the method of pair-analogues. Animals of compared groups received complete feed: in the first period of feeding SK-6 and in the second period SK-7. Feeding results of experimental pigs of compared groups were evaluated by a number of indicators characterizing their meat qualities in total. The main indicators of pork are the hot carcass, slaughter weight and yield. It was found that the introduction to the complete feed natural bischofite and phosphatide concentrate individually, as components and in mixed complex, in comparison with the control, contributes accordingly slaughter live weight in store pigs fattening by 7.84 and 9.78 and 10.97%, their hot carcass - by 8.67, 10.37 and 11.92%, carcass exit - by 0.47-0.33 and 0.53% slaughter weight - by 8.97, 11.18 and 12.94% and slaughter yield - by 0.60, 0.80 and 1.10%. Protein content in the average sample of pork, when animals received test components was more, than in control one by 0.45, 0.25 and 0.63%. Store pigs, which used natural bischofite and phosphatide concentrate the absolute increase in live weight, was higher. Higher meat yield was received from fatted store pigs, with additional introduction to the main diet of natural Volgograd bischofite combined with sunflower phosphatide concentrate.

The purpose of the research is improving the quality and technological properties of milk from black-and-white cows. The research was conducted on first-calf cows of a black-and-white breed in LLC «Dusym» of the Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Three groups of experimental cows were formed depending on the genotype of CSN3 and DGAT1, which have equal lactation month. Cheese making milk obtained from cows with different allelic variants of the kappa-casein and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase genes was studied. DNA testing was performed on the CSN3 and DGAT1 genes of experimental cows and allelic variants of these genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by analysis of restriction-site polymorphism. It was found that milk of cows with the genotype CSN3 AB and CSN3 BB, when exposed to rennet, showed a better yield of a dense casein clot (80 and 100%) and separation of serum (P <0.05), with a shorter coagulation time (20.3 and 16.5 min; P <0.05-0.01). According to the DGAT1 gene, first-calf milk with the allelic variant DGAT1 AK and DGAT1 KK had the advantage, respectively, 86.7% and 85.7%, 24.0 and 25.7 minutes. The worst milk coagulation time is typical for CSN3 AA group - 29.5 minutes and DGAT1 AA one - 30.4 min. In terms of milk coagulation time, type II (15-40 min.) groups have the genotype CSN3 AB and CSN3 BB with the largest share of cows in the herd - 80.0 and 71.4% and with the genotype DGAT1 AK and DGAT1 KK - 86.6 and 85.7%, respectively. Thus, milk obtained from cows with the kappa-casein gene allele B and the diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase gene allele K gene in the genotype has the best cheese-making properties.