Vol 6, No 2 (2021)

Articles

INFLUENCE OF INNOVATIVE ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON WINTER WHEAT YIELD IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION FOREST-STEPPE

Zudilin S.N., Chukhnina N.V.

Abstract

The aim of the study is to increase the yield of winter wheat with the use of innovative organic fertilizers during overall tillage in conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region. The research was conducted in the period involving 2017-2020. The Svetoch variety winter wheat plants, were subjected to the research. In the field experiment, organic fertilizers were applied at different tillage treatment stages. The fertilizers use during early spring sowing or winter crops aftergrowing contributed to an increase of moisture content in the meter-depth soil layer by 0.8-1.3%. Winter wheat harvesting was not affected by the soil moisture significantly depending either on fertilizers used or main tillage treatment. The organic fertilizers use led to a slight decrease in soil compaction during the sowing of early spring crops or winter wheat spring aftergrowing compared to the option without fertilizers. The introduction of fresh manure led to a certain increase in the contamination of crops, after the introduction of other organic fertilizers studied, the number of residues and their weight was less, and no significant differences were observed between the variants. Factor A showed (organic fertilizers applied) during periods of 2017-2020 the yield of winter wheat was - 2.95 t/ha; fertilizers were not applied, when 30 t/ha of manure applied - 3.32 t/ha; dry organic fertilizer use - 3.35 t/ha; and liquid one - 3.36 t/ha; biohumus - 3.32 t/ha. An increase of winter wheat yield from the action of organic fertilizers was 0.37-0.41 t/ha (or 12.5-13.9%). According to factor B (main tillage), the crop yield amounted to: when plowing by 20-22 cm - 3.33 t/ha; surface tillage by 10-12 cm - 3.25 t/ha; without autumn cultural practice - 3.19 t/ha. The use of resource-saving tillage reduced the winter wheat yield by 0.08-0.14 t/ha (or by 2.5-4.4 %), that is, without a significant difference between the options.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(2):3-9
pages 3-9 views

AFFECT OF OIL POLLUTED GRAY FOREST SOIL ON THE SPRING RAPE YIELD

Nigmatullina R.A., Gilyazov M.Y.

Abstract

The purpose of the research is increasing the yield of spring rape in the Tatarstan pre-Kama zone. Soil pollution affects food safety both by reducing plant performance and yield class. Oil and petrochemicals are common contamination sources of environment. The work is devoted to the assessment of the impact of oil pollution of the soil on the yield of spring rapeseed. The study was conducted on the experimental field of the Department of «Agrochemistry and Soil Science» of the Kazan State Agrarian University, located in the pre-Kama zone of Tatarstan. The experimental site is presented by gray forest medium loamy soil, which is the predominant difference for this zone. The area unpolluted soil was characterized by a low content of humus and a weak acidic medium, high concentration of phosphorus and potassium active forms. The soil was purposely contaminated with commercial crude oil by spreading over the surface at the rate of 10, 20 and 40 l/m2. These levels of soil pollution, as shown by previous studies, were estimated, respectively, as low, medium and high. A close positive correlation was established between the yield of spring rapeseed and the limitation of soil contamination (R2=0.763÷0.940). Mechanical soil treatment, liming, application of mineral fertilizers and Baikal EM-1 biologics was tested for recultivation. The yield of oilseeds of spring rapeseed was closely correlated with the level of single contamination of gray forest soil with commercial crude oil for at least 15 years. Obtaining the maximum yield of spring rapeseed on oil-polluted gray forest soil was provided by comprehensive application of soil loosening, liming and application of full mineral fertilizer.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(2):9-17
pages 9-17 views

MANURE EXTRUSION FROM HIGH-MOISTURE POULTRY WASTE

Frolov D.I., Kurochkin A.A., Potapov M.A.

Abstract

The purpose of the research is the reduction of high-moisture poultry waste to a condition effective for high-quality manure extrusion. The idea of extrusion technology use for poultry waste is considered. Bird dropping is effective raw material to be used as organic fertilizer, containing elements necessary for plant nutrition. Before entering the soil, the waste requires processing. The working ability of a single-screw extruder is limited by moisture of the processed raw materials (15...30%). High-moisture poultry waste is poorly homogenized and does not provide an effective porous structure of processed components at the exit from the extruder die. An effective design and technological scheme of an extruder for wet poultry waste processing is proposed, involving mixing it with various fillers and drying it for extrusion to obtain a manure of the required quality. The main goal of the study is the limitation of liquid content in high-moisture poultry waste with fillers to a condition that ensures the production of effective organic manure. The litter components or plant waste are selected as bulkier material. To ensure an effective work of the extruder in terms of its energy saving ability, the moisture content of the vegetative bulkier material should amount to 5...15%. Pre-grinding of bulkier material is to be provided for achieving the required particle size of the filler resulting in better moisture absorption. The development of the manure composition for energy saving technology was based on the selection of a effective ratio of the components to be mixed. As a result of the evaluation of the moisture content in mixture components, it was concluded that the bird dropping with litter is the least wet and can be processed using the proposed extruder without adding filler; bird dropping of young and adult birds are subject to extrusion, provided that they are mixed with vegetative bulkier material in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:2, respectively.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(2):18-24
pages 18-24 views

STUDY OF HERMETIC ABILITY OF A COMBINED FERROFLUIDIC SEALED OF BEARING ASSEMBLIES

Terentyev V.V., Bausov A.M., Toropov M.V.

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of hermetic ability of bearing assemblies by using combined ferrofluidic sealed. The research objective is theoretic justification of the maximum concentration of ferromagnetic particles in fluid, investigation of hermatic ability of a combined ferrofluidic seal under conditions of temperature changing and speed of a shaft rotation of packing bearing assembly. The study of hermetic ability of lip and ferro-fluidic sealed was carried out on a test bench, allowing to determine the packing ability of seals both in static and dynamic mode. On the basis of theoretical data, formulas were determined to find the maximum concentration of hard and magnetic phases in a ferrofluid, and its composition based on a polyethylsiloxane liquid PES-5 with a 40 kA/m saturation magnetization and a 1.2 Pa×s dynamic viscosity coefficient was developed. A mixture of magnetite with powdered iron was used as the ferromagnetic phase. Oleic acid was used as a surfactant. Studies to determine hermetic capacity have shown a higher efficiency of the combined ferrofluidic seal compared to the lip one. During static test within the temperature range between 20 to 600C, the critical pressure difference of the combined seal was 4-16% higher than that of the lip seal. Temperature increase of the bearing assembly from 20 to 1200C causes a decrease in critical pressure difference of up to 50%. This is due to a decrease in the sedimentative stability of the magnetic fluid as a result of an increase in temperature. Studies show that the combined ferrofluidic seal has a higher hermetic tightness at the starting torque than the standard lip seal. In contrast to the lip seal (which tends to lose its tightness at the starting torque), no leakage of pressure fluid from the sealed unit was observed of the combined ferrofluidic one with a pressure drop of 0.094 MPa. The results obtained allow reasonably select the concentration of magnetic particles in the ferrofluid, and also prove the prospects of replacing standard lip seals with combined ferrofluidic ones.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(2):25-31
pages 25-31 views

RELATIONSHIP OF LAMB INTERIOR INDICATORS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES WITH THEIR PRODUCTIVITY

Baimishev H.B., Traisov B.B., Baimishev M.H., Esengaliev K.G.

Abstract

The aim of the research is increasing the productive indicators of replacement sheep of different genotypes by improving the interior indicators. To conduct the research, three groups of ewe hoggs with 20 heads each were formed: 1 group - ewe hoggs born from stud rams and Akzhaik ewes (AKSHM x AKSHM); 2 group - ewe hoggs born from stud rams of the North Caucasian breed and Akzhaik ewes (SK x AKSHM); 3 group - ewe hoggs born from Kuibyshev stud ram breed and Akzhaik ewes (KB x AKSHM). Blood parameters, live weight at the age of 4 and 8 months, hair cut at the age of 8 months was studied of animals of these groups. It was found that blood parameters of the ewe hoggs of different genotypes have significant differences and these affect the indicators of growth intensity and hair cutting. The content of red blood cells and hemoglobin of ewe hoggs from group 3 was higher by 0.55×1012/l and 9.32 g/l, respectively, than of ones from group 1. The biochemical blood parameters of crossbred ewe hoggs from groups 3 and 2 at 4 and 8 months of age in terms of total protein by 2.84 and 4.73 g/l, glucose - by 0.86 and 1.02 mmol/l exceeded the results of purebred Akzhaik ewe hoggs. Crossbreds of groups 2 and 3 in the 8-month age were superior to their herdmates of Akzhaik breed in live weight by 3.04 and 2.74 kg, and the washed wool cut - by 0.18 and 0.24 kg, respectively.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(2):32-38
pages 32-38 views

MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE GENERAL COVER IN SHORT-HAIRED FELINE BREEDS

Slesarenko N.A., Zagorec P.S.

Abstract

The aim of the research is characterization of the skin change of the feline family, depending on the breed characteristics of the animals. Clarification of relations, breed-specific features of skin of representatives of the felines family in order to establish the predominant for the development of dermatotropic pathologies is one of the urgent tasks of clinical morphology and dermatology. The general regularities and breed features of the skin cover of short-haired cat were established, taking into account its regional anatomical and physiological features. The inverse relationship between the epidermis thickness and the density of the hair cover of the studied animals was revealed, regardless of the breed identity. A specific glomerate collagen morphology of dermis was found typical for all cats of short-haired breeds. The research was carried out at the Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology named after Professor A. F. Klimov, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology after Scriabin, MBA. The object of the study involved 27 individuals of short-haired cats of reproductive age (2-5 years), including Siamese (n=5), Russian blue (n=5), Burmese (n=6), British short-haired (n=7), Bengal (n=4). The research material is the skin. A comprehensive methodological approach was used, including anatomical dissection, light microscopy of histological sections, micro-morphometry, and statistical analysis of the obtained digital data. The results obtained are the basic for assessing the morphological and functional skin state and identifying morphological changes that occur in the conditions of skin damage repair.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(2):38-44
pages 38-44 views

QUALITY OF ALFALFA SENAGE WITH THE«GREENGRASSE 3×3» BIOPRESERVATIVE

Mironov N.A., Karamayeva A.S., Karamayev S.V., Bakayeva L.N.

Abstract

The aim of the research is to improve the quality and nutritional value of the alfalfa haylage applying the «Greengrass 3×3» biopreservative with herbage. Current biological preparations contain live cultures of specially selected lactic, propionic acids, and sporogenous bacillus, a complex of amino acids, enzymes, vitamins and minor nutrient elements. Preparation use with herbage during haylage leads to intensification the lactic acid fermentation, improvement of ratio of organic acids, increase the content of nutrients and ensuring their reliable safety during storage. The research was carried out at the milk production complex of «Radna» LLC in the Samara region. The research was provided involving Holstein and Ayrshire breeds. The haylage was fed to cows in the amount of 24 kg as part of a balanced feed mixture in accordance with the casein diet. As a result of applying a bio-preservative with herbage, the content of organic acids in the ready made feeds increased by 0.54%, including lactic acid - by 0.80%. The dry weight increased by 4.6%, available energy - by 37.4%, energy feed units - by 9.1%, digestible protein - by 13.8%, crude fiber - by 0.9%. Feeding the cows haylage with a bioconservative increased the metabolic processes in the tripe of animals. Ciliata weight in the ruminal fluid of Holstein cows increased by 29.0%, Ayrshire - by 25.8%, number of bacteria, respectively, by 26.5 and 27.5%. As a result, the content of total nitrogen increased by 15.0-15.1%, protein nitrogen - by 40.4-42.9%, and ammonia, on the contrary, decreased by 40.0-40.6%. The content of volatile fatty acids decreased by 12.6-16.2%, while the proportion of acetic acid increased by 7.73-8.71%. All this had a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients by the animals of the experimental groups. The digestibility of the dry weight of the feed increased, respectively, by 4.14-4.57%, and its components - by 4.23-6.97%.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(2):44-51
pages 44-51 views

THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR COLIBACTERIOSIS IN INDUSTRIAL POULTRY FARMING

Nuraliev Y.R., Kushaliev K.Z.

Abstract

The aim of the research is improving measures for the prevention of periodic colisepticaemia infection of hens in industrial poultry farming. To ensure reliable protection of the poultry flock and break the epizootological chain, an optimal scheme of therapeutic measures was developed for chickens of the Rhodonit 3, Hajseks Braun, Braun Nik crosses. Therapeutic measures were carried out in private farms as of causative agent of infection for industrial poultry farming. In the course of conducting an administrative control of private farms of entrepreneurs engaged in incubation, breeding and keeping in exercise pens chickens, guinea fowls, pheasants and turkeys in exercise pens, it was found that periodic mortality of birds from colisepticaemia was the result of violations or non-implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures. Past-mortem examination of non-incubated chickens, turkeys, guinea fowls and pheasants revealed pathanatomical changes in liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys. In the experiment with colistin antibiotic use, of the polypeptide group, which is active in regard to colibacillosis, the flock of 126990 heads participated. With oral use, colistin is practically not absorbed, it is not exposed to digestive enzymes, thus creating a high colistin antibacterial concentration in the intestine. In an experimental poultry farm, 30- and 60-days-old chickens were treated with the colistin AVZ antibiotic. The drug was prescribed at the rate of 1 liter of the antibiotic colistin AVZ per 4000 liters of drinking water. The colistin AVZ solution was prepared just before drinking and chickens had it during 2 hours after morning feeding for 7 days (the same procedure was repeated until the flock reached 60 days of age). Chickens were not given antibiotics of the controlled farm. After the antibiotic treatment, the safety of the flock was controlled on the daily basis. A Past-mortem examination was performed with a pathoanatomical diagnosis determination and subsequent laboratory test of the pathological material. The bird mortality in the experimental poultry farm was significantly less (949 heads for the entire period of the experiment) than that in the control group (6931 heads).
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(2):51-57
pages 51-57 views

THE EFFECT OF BISOLBI ON BIOCHEMICAL AND PRODUCTIVE PROCESSES OF THE HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CALVES

Molyanova G.V., Nogotkov M.P.

Abstract

The purpose of the research is increasing the average daily gain of animals due to the use of the Bisolbi drug. The effect of Bisolbi preparation based on Bacillus subtilis H-13 1.5×108 (LLC «Bisolbi-Inter») on the biochemical and productive life of calves was studied. The scientific and production experiment was carried out on the basis of a dairy farm of the State «Kupinskoe» Unitary Enterprise of the Samara region involving 30 Holstein-Friesian calves. The biological effect of the drug is provided due to its adsorption properties, the ability to enhance the activity of a number of enzyme systems and increase the digestive and systemic immunity of the body. The drug use increases the integration intensity of animals: the amount of total protein in the blood serum of calves of the experimental group at 120 days of age was higher by 8.9% (p<0.05), albumin - by 9.2% (p<0.01), compared with the animal data of controlled group. The Bisolbi indication contributed to an increase in the intensity of carbohydrate-lipoid metabolism: the cholesterol amount was higher by 23% (p<0.01), the glucose content - by 0.4 mmol/l (p<0.05) in the blood of 120 day old calves of the experimental group, compared with the data of controlled animals. It was found that the body weight of calves in the control group of 100 days age was 105.23±2.11 kg, in the experimental group - 108.6±2.19 kg, which is 3.37 kg higher. The average daily weight gain of animals in experimental group was significantly higher by 0.075 kg (p<0.01). At 120 days of age, the body weight of the experimental calves was higher by 4.19 kg (p<0.05), the average daily weight gain by 0.080 kg (p<0.05), compared with the data of the controlled animals. The indication of Bisolbi 5-10 ml (LLC «Bisolbi-Inter») to calves daily for 2 months resulted in an additional profit constructively of 137 rubles from each head.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(2):57-63
pages 57-63 views

REASIL HUMICVET AND REASIL HUMIC HEALTH SUPPLEMENTS BASED ON HUMIC ACIDS IN THE DIETS OF DAIRY CALVES

Frolkin A.I., Valitov K.Z., Varakin A.T., Kornilova V.A.

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to increase the effectiveness of the supplement Reasil on the growth of milk-fed calves. For the scientific and economic experience, three groups of calves were formed (control, 1 and 2 experienced). Groups of animals of 10 heads were formed according to the principle of analogues. The indicators of live weight, growth and blood of calves were studied after Reasil use in a diet: Reasil HumicVet as a liquid form, and Reasil Humic Health - reduced to powder. In the experiment, animals of a black-and-white breed were used. The Reasil feeding in the diet contributed to an increase in the live weight of milk-fed calves in the 1-st and the 2-nd experimental groups at two months of age by 5.65 and 5.48 kg (or by 7.4 and 7.2%), respectively, compared to the indicator of the control group analogues. The average daily growth of calves of the experimental groups exceeded this indicator of control animals by 96 and 82 g, respectively. The blood of calves of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, showed that hematoglobin was higher by 15.7 and 11.4%, red blood cells - by 16.5 and 15.1%, and the alkaline reserve - by 5.2%, compared with blood of calves from the control group, which indicates the activation of metabolic processes in the body. The total protein amount in the blood serum of animals from the experimental groups increased by 8.4 and 5.9% respectively, compared to the tests of calves from the control group. The albumin content of animals of the 1st experimental group tested was higher by 5.3%; from the 2nd experimental group there was no significant difference compared to the control. The number of gamma-globulins in the blood of animals of the experimental groups increased, which indicates an increase in defense reaction of animals. The content of calcium in the blood serum of calves from the experimental groups was higher by 8.3 and 5.9%, phosphorus - by 4.8 and 2.4%, which indicates a more effective use of these mineral elements.
Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2021;6(2):64-70
pages 64-70 views

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