Vol 7, No 2 (2022)

The research purpose is to increase winter wheat yield, the content of grain starch and sugar via agrotechnology biologizing within the conditions of the Middle Volga region. The research was carried out during the period of 2017-2019 on the fields of the Department of Land Management, Soil Science and Agrochemistry, the laboratory of Agroecology of Samara State Agrarian University. Three methods of tillage operations were used, the effect of dry, liquid organic fertilizers of LLC «AgroPromSnab» and manure on grain yield, starch content, sugar of Svetoch variety winter wheat was studied. The plowing average yield over the years of research was 3.43 t/ha. The area without tillage practice together with organic fertilizers provided a greater effect and increased grain yield by 11.9%, the use of manure led to an increase in yield compared to the nonfertilized ground by 11.5%. The grain starch content in plowing was 69.2%, the area without tillage operations together with organic fertilizers provided the starch increase in grain by 11.9%, the use of manure led to an increase of the starch content compared to the non-fertilized culturing by 11.8%. Area without tillage operations provided greater impact on the accumulation of sugar and exceeded results on grounds with other ways of plant cultivation by 2.2%, manure contributed more to an increase of sugar content compared to fertilizers. The maximum value of the ratio of starch to protein content in winter wheat grain (an indicator of nutritional efficiency) was 4.85 taking into regard areas without autumn tillage practice, area plowing with fertilizers provided an increase in this indicator by 3.6%, dry organic fertilizer maximized this indicator by 4%. Agrotechnology biologization of winter wheat cultivation, including areas without autumn tillage practice and use of organic fertilizers, such as manure, dry and liquid organic fertilizers, contributed to an increase of grain yield and starch content and had a positive indicator of nutritional efficiency.

The research purpose is to increase the productiveness of winter wheat with high-protein grain by applying agricultural technologies of cultivation and organic fertilizers. Over the years of research under the conditions of the Middle Volga forest-steppe region during the Svetoch variety of winter wheat cultivation, it was revealed that organic fertilizers contributed to an increase of grain yield by 10.2-11.5%. Manure addition maximized the yield (by an average of 0.35 t/ha). Plowing as one-over tillage led to an increase of wheat yield, compared with surface tillage by 1.8% (0.6 c/ha), and without cultural practice - by 2.3% (0.8 c/ha). The maximum thousand grain weight and vitreousness were observed due to plowing and dicomposed manure. Organic fertilizers contributed to an average increase of protein content by 9.0% compared to grain class cultivated without fertilizers. The highest protein content was due to plowing and using 15.1% of manure as fertilizer. Total gluten proteins due to the plowing averaged 10.3%, which is 3% higher as compare with surface and zero tillage. The greatest prolamins and glutelins were due to the plowing and manure. Plowing and manure use were the most effective for cultivation in regard to grain content per hectare compared with all other tillage variants.

The research aim is to increase the morphofunctional status of newborn caves. Holstein cows of high productivity and their were chosen for research work. To conduct research from among pregnant cows after drying off, 2 groups of 15 heads each (control, experimental) were formed according to the principle of pairs of analogues. The animals of the experimental group were injected with Immunopharm intramuscularly three times with an interval of 7 days at a dose of 6.0 ml 10 days after drying off. Blood of cows from the studied groups was tested before and after administration of the drug to determine hematological and biochemical parameters. Сalves born by cows from studied groups were tested for morphofunctional status (viability) within the first hour after birth. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that the use of Immunopharm at a dose of 6.0 ml three times intramuscularly with an interval of 7 days during 10 days after the drying off period provides an increase of the amount of hemoglobin in the blood by 7.24 g/l, leukocytes - by 1.62×109/l total protein - by 0.83 g/ l, platelets - by 195.30×109/l, calcium - by 0.74 mmol/l, glucose - by 0.85 mmol/l, albumins - by 4.19%, α-globulins - by 3.33%. A decrease in the content of β-globulins - by 4.05%, ALaT and ASaT enzymes - by 14.93 and 14.47% compared with the blood indicators of animals from the control group, provides an increase in the morphofunctional status of calves born by cows according to the following indicators: the condition of skin, a reduction of the duration of the standing posture reflex by 3.85 minutes, the sucking reflex by 4.02 minutes, an increase of indicators, featuring maturation of skeletal system, hematological parameters and liveweight, which indicates the effectiveness of Immunopharm drug for the correction of metabolism of highly productive cows during the drying off period.

The research purpose is to substantiate the pharmaco-prevention of a sow hepatosis using a complex carnitine- and tocopherol-containing drug and studying its effect on metabolic process. In commercial complexes sows are often tested for hepatosis characterized by dystrophic changes in the liver.. Against the background of hepatosis, sows have various metabolic disorders. To prevent the development of metabolic disorders, a complex veterinary drug containing carnitine, sodium citrate, zinc chelate and tocopherol was used. The drug was administered orally to pregnant sows starting from the 60th day of pregnancy to farrowing, to milking sows - from the 3rd lactation day before the weaning of piglets. Pregnant and suckling sows from the experimental groups showed normalization of the functional liver activity and metabolic process. The blood of sows tested showed an increase in the concentrations of albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, calcium-phosphorus and albumin-protein ratios in comparison with the indicators of animals of control groups. The creatinine concentration in the blood of sows from the experimental groups was lowered and had significant differences (p<0.05) compared with the indicators of sows from the control group. The concentration of urea in the blood of sows from the experimental groups differed from the blood parameters of sows from the control groups (p<0.05). When using the drug during pregnancy, the concentration of urea in the blood of sows from the experimental group decreased, during the milking period increased. The revealed changes in the metabolic status of sows were due to the restoration of synthetic liver function of animals from the experimental groups. The drug «Carnivit» tocopherol- and carnitine-containing the drug has a positive effect on the metabolic status of pregnant and milking sows by restoring synthetic liver function and blood concentrations of albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, normalization of the calcium-phosphorus and albumin-protein ratio, as well as eliminating intoxication and reducing urea and creatinine concentrations in blood of animals from the experimental group.