Vol 7, No 3 (2022)

The purpose of the work is to improve the quality of seed treatment with a magnetic field. Magnetic stimulation of seeds is one of the electrophysical methods that increases the germination and intensity of plant growth. This method is environmentally friendly and does not require large energy costs. There are various devices for magnetic stimulation of plants. To increase productivity flow-type installations are created. One of the main tasks is the uniform stimulation of seeds in compliance with the required processing time. An installation of magnetic seed stimulation with vibration dosing has been developed, which ensures the equal stimulation of seeds of different crops in the flow with the possibility of regulating the number of seeds being processed. A vibrating dispenser is an element that provides dosing, while its main parts are an electromagnet and vibrating plates. By changing the frequency of the coil supply current, the seed supply is changed by the dispenser. Studies on the influence of the magnetic field frequency on the process of dosing wheat and amaranth seeds have been conducted. The minimum supply of spring wheat and amaranth seeds, respectively, was 3.1 and 1.7 kg/h at a frequency of 10 Hz. The maximum feed was observed at a frequency of 110 Hz - 70.1 and 22.7 kg/h, respectively. The stimulation time when the frequency changes from 10 to 110 Hz for spring wheat varies in the range from 90 to 4 s, amaranth - from 89 to 7 s. Considering the required seed stimulation time, the necessary feed can be set by changing the frequency. At the same time, the supply of the dispenser in the operating ranges has a linear dependence on the frequency of the electric current supplied to the electromagnet.

The purpose of the research is to improve the fattening and meat qualities of Kalmyk cattle by the method of reproductive crossing with the Mandolong breed. Currently, the market's requirements for beef quality, based on the preferences of the country's population, have changed significantly. Fatty beef has become less in demand. When changing the requirements for the productive and biological qualities of specialized meat breeds, the attention of breeders is attracted by large, tall breeds of Franco-Italian breeding, which, with intensive raising and fattening technology, are characterized by increased live weight gain at an early age and fat accumulation at a later age. The object of the research is animals of the Kalmyk and Mandolong breeds, as well as cross-bred calves of the first generation obtained by reciprocal crossing. As a result of the fact that the live weight of Kalmyk cows is 468 kg, and Mandolong cows - 645 kg, the relative live weight of calves from Kalmyk cows was higher by 1.54%, heifers - by 1.14%, which caused an increase in the number of calving with complications to 35.7 and 12.5% respectively. At the first suckling, calves from Mandolong cows consumed colostrum 6.5-4.5% more than those from Kalmyk cows. In the colostrum of the first milk yield of Kalmyk cows, there was more dry matter by 5.8-6.3%, MJ - by 1.5%, MDB - by 3.9-4.7%. In the colostrum of Kalmyk cows, IgG is 29.1-29.9% more, IgA is 29.6-28.4%, IgM is 31.5-35.8% more. It was found that immunoglobulins from the colostrum of Kalmyk cows entered the blood of crossbred calves faster and 6 hours after the first drinking their content was higher, compared to the Mandolong breed, by 8.9-10.2%.

The purpose of the research is to substantiate the implementation of pharmacoprophylactic measures in relation to drug hepatosis in monogastric animals to increase their productivity. In the conditions of the clinic of the Department of Internal Non-infectious Animal Diseases, a simulation of drug hepatosis in white mice was carried out. Three groups of animals were formed (5 individuals each). The mice of the control group received the usual feeding diet, the mice of the experimental groups received the antibacterial drug amoxicillin and a drug with antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, paracetamol. The drugs were given in maximum therapeutic doses. Additionally, the second experimental group was given the drug «Carnivet» containing carnitine hydrochloride, magnesium sulfate and sorbitol. The experiment lasted 25 days. The clinical condition of laboratory animals and changes in their live weight were evaluated. The diagnosis of hepatosis (or its absence) was confirmed by the results of macro- and microscopic studies of the liver after slaughter of white mice. The clinical condition of the mice of the first experimental group was characterized by depression and intermittent aggression. The average daily gains in live weight were the highest in the mice of the second experimental group and exceeded this indicator in relation to the control group by 28.6%. In the mice of the first experimental group, receiving amoxicillin and paracetamol, by the end of the experiment, live weight plumb lines were established. Post-slaughter autopsy of mice of the first experimental group revealed typical dystrophic changes in the liver tissue (granular and vacuole dystrophy, karyolysis) and a weakly pronounced inflammatory reaction. No such changes were found in the liver of the control group mice. Weakly expressed focal granular and vacuole dystrophy were detected in the liver of animals of the second experimental group. In addition, pronounced «restorative» processes characterized by perivasculitis and single small granulomas as well as an increase in the proportion of binucleated hepatocytes have been established. A conclusion was made about the preventive efficacy of the drug «Carnivet» in relation to toxic hepatosis.